你有没有这样的经历:别人审查过你的代码之后给出的注释,你认为是没有必要的?注释代码是为了提高代码的可读性,目的是为了能让其他人更容易理解你的代码。 我特别讨厌这5种注释类型以及制造它们的程序员。希望你不是其中之一。
1.自以为很了不得的程序员 public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string message = "Hello World!"; // 11/2/2017 Bob Console.WriteLine(message); // 11/2/2017 Bob message = "I am so proud of this code!"; // 11/2/2017 Bob Console.WriteLine(message); // 11/2/2017 Bob } } 这个程序员自认为写了一段很了不得的代码,所以觉得有必要用自己的名字对每行代码进行标记。实施版本控制系统(VCS)能实现对代码变更的问责,但是也不会这么明显知道谁应对此负责。
2.过时的程序员 public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { /* This block of code is no longer needed * because we found out that Y2K was a hoax * and our systems did not roll over to 1/1/1900 */ //DateTime today = DateTime.Today; //if (today == new DateTime(1900, 1, 1)) //{ //today = today.AddYears(100); //string message = "The date has been fixed for Y2K."; //Console.WriteLine(message); //} } } 如果一段代码已不再使用(即过时),那就删除它——不要浪费时间给这些代码写注释。此外,如果你需要复制这段被删除的代码,别忘了还有版本控制系统,你完全可以从早期的版本中恢复代码。
3.多此一举的程序员 public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { /* This is a for loop that prints the * words "I Rule!" to the console screen * 1 million times, each on its own line. It * accomplishes this by starting at 0 and * incrementing by 1. If the value of the * counter equals 1 million the for loop * stops executing.*/ for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { Console.WriteLine("I Rule!"); } } } 我们都知道基础的编程逻辑是如何工作的——所以你不需要多此一举来解释这些显而易见的工作原理,虽然说你解释得很happy,但这只是在浪费时间和空间。
4.爱讲故事的程序员 public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { /* I discussed with Jim from Sales over coffee * at the Starbucks on main street one day and he * told me that Sales Reps receive commission * based upon the following structure. * Friday: 25% * Wednesday: 15% * All Other Days: 5% * Did I mention that I ordered the Caramel Latte with * a double shot of Espresso? */ double price = 5.00; double commissionRate; double commission; if (DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Friday) { commissionRate = .25; } else if (DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Wednesday) { commissionRate = .15; } else { commissionRate = .05; } commission = price * commissionRate; } } 如果你一定要在注释里提及需求,那么不要涉及别人的名字。销售部门的Jim可能会离开公司,而且很有可能大多数程序员根本不知道这是何许人也。不要在注释里提及不相干的事实。
5.“以后再做”的程序员 public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //TODO: I need to fix this someday - 11/2/2017 Bob /* I know this error message is hard coded and * I am relying on a Contains function, but * someday I will make this code print a * meaningful error message and exit gracefully. * I just don't have the time right now. */ string message = "An error has occurred"; if(message.Contains("error")) { throw new Exception(message); } } } 这种类型的注释包含了上面所有其他类型。如果是在项目的初始开发阶段,这种待做注释是非常有用的,但如果是在几年后的产品代码——那就会出问题了。如果有什么需要修复的,立马解决,不要把它搁置一边,“以后再做”。
如果你也常常犯这样的注释错误,如果你想了解注释的最佳做法,我建议你阅读类似于Steve McConnell写的《Code Complete》这样的好书。
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