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本文介绍在Red Hat（RHEL）和CentOS操作系统上检查可用安全更新的方法。
根据你的组织策略，由于各种原因，你可能只需要推送安全更新。怎么做才能限制yum仅执行安全更新？可以通过yum包管理器轻松完成，参考软件包管理基础：apt,yum,dnf,pkg。如果发现安全漏洞，则必须更新受影响的软件，以限制系统上的任何潜在安全风险。
对于RHEL/CentOS 6系统，运行以下Yum命令以安装yum安全性插件： # yum -y install yum-plugin-security 该插件已经是yum本身的一部分，所以不需要在RHEL 7、8/CentOS 7、8上安装它。
列出所有可用的错误（包括安全性、错误修复和产品增强）而不安装它们： # yum updateinfo list available Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock RHSA-2014:1031 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.1.6-26.el7_0.x86_64 RHSA-2015:0416 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-13.el7.x86_64 RHBA-2015:0626 bugfix 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-15.el7_1.x86_64 RHSA-2015:0895 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-16.el7_1.x86_64 RHBA-2015:1554 bugfix 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-20.el7_1.x86_64 RHBA-2015:1960 bugfix 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-23.el7_1.x86_64 RHBA-2015:2351 bugfix 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-19.el7.x86_64 RHBA-2015:2572 bugfix 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-21.el7_2.x86_64 RHSA-2016:0204 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-26.el7_2.x86_64 RHBA-2016:0550 bugfix 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-29.el7_2.x86_64 RHBA-2016:1048 bugfix 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-30.el7_2.x86_64 RHBA-2016:1298 bugfix 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-32.el7_2.x86_64
要计算erratas的数量，请运行以下命令： # yum updateinfo list available | wc -l 11269
列出所有可用的安全更新而不安装它们。它用于显示有关系统上已安装和可用建议的信息： # yum updateinfo list security all Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock RHSA-2014:1031 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.1.6-26.el7_0.x86_64 RHSA-2015:0416 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-13.el7.x86_64 RHSA-2015:0895 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-16.el7_1.x86_64 RHSA-2016:0204 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-26.el7_2.x86_64 RHSA-2016:2594 Moderate/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.5.10-11.el7.x86_64 RHSA-2017:0920 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.5.10-20.el7_3.x86_64 RHSA-2017:2569 Moderate/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-19.el7_4.x86_64 RHSA-2018:0163 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-26.el7_4.x86_64 RHSA-2018:0414 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-28.el7_4.x86_64 RHSA-2018:1380 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.7.5-21.el7_5.x86_64 RHSA-2018:2757 Moderate/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.7.5-28.el7_5.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3127 Moderate/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.8.4-15.el7.x86_64 RHSA-2014:1031 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-libs-1.3.1.6-26.el7_0.x86_64
打印所有可用的安全包（它打印所有类型的包，如已安装和未安装）： # yum updateinfo list security all | grep -v "i" RHSA-2014:1031 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.1.6-26.el7_0.x86_64 RHSA-2015:0416 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-13.el7.x86_64 RHSA-2015:0895 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-16.el7_1.x86_64 RHSA-2016:0204 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-26.el7_2.x86_64 RHSA-2016:2594 Moderate/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.5.10-11.el7.x86_64 RHSA-2017:0920 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.5.10-20.el7_3.x86_64 RHSA-2017:2569 Moderate/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-19.el7_4.x86_64 RHSA-2018:0163 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-26.el7_4.x86_64 RHSA-2018:0414 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-28.el7_4.x86_64 RHSA-2018:1380 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.7.5-21.el7_5.x86_64 RHSA-2018:2757 Moderate/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.7.5-28.el7_5.x86_64
要计算可用安全包的数量，请运行以下命令： # yum updateinfo list security all | wc -l 3522
它用于列出yum中updateinfo.xml数据中的所有相关勘误通知信息，这包括bugzillas，CVE，安全更新和新的： # yum updateinfo list security or # yum updateinfo list sec Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-adsl-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-bluetooth-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-config-server-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.noarch RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-glib-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-libnm-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-ppp-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-team-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-tui-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-wifi-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-wwan-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
显示与安全性相关的所有更新，并获取有关是否存在安全更新的返回码： # yum --security check-update Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock rhel-7-server-rpms | 2.0 kB 00:00:00 --> policycoreutils-devel-2.2.5-20.el7.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> smc-raghumalayalam-fonts-6.0-7.el7.noarch from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> amanda-server-3.3.3-17.el7.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> 389-ds-base-libs-1.3.4.0-26.el7_2.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> 1:cups-devel-1.6.3-26.el7.i686 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> openwsman-client-2.6.3-3.git4391e5c.el7.i686 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> 1:emacs-24.3-18.el7.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> augeas-libs-1.4.0-2.el7_4.2.i686 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> samba-winbind-modules-4.2.3-10.el7.i686 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) --> tftp-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo) . . 35 package(s) needed for security, out of 115 available NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 rhel-7-server-rpms NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 rhel-7-server-rpms NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 rhel-7-server-rpms NetworkManager-config-server.noarch 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 rhel-7-server-rpms NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 rhel-7-server-rpms NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 rhel-7-server-rpms NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 rhel-7-server-rpms
列出所有可用的安全更新，并详细说明问题： # yum info-sec
如果你想了解有关给定建议的更多信息，请运行以下命令： # yum updateinfo RHSA-2019:0163
同样，你可以使用以下命令查看影响系统的CVE： # yum updateinfo list cves Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-adsl-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-bluetooth-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-config-server-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.noarch CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-glib-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-libnm-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-ppp-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64 CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-team-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
同样，你可以通过运行以下命令来查看属于bugfixs的包： # yum updateinfo list bugfix | less Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock RHBA-2018:3349 bugfix NetworkManager-1:1.12.0-7.el7_6.x86_64 RHBA-2019:0519 bugfix NetworkManager-1:1.12.0-10.el7_6.x86_64 RHBA-2018:3349 bugfix NetworkManager-adsl-1:1.12.0-7.el7_6.x86_64 RHBA-2019:0519 bugfix NetworkManager-adsl-1:1.12.0-10.el7_6.x86_64 RHBA-2018:3349 bugfix NetworkManager-bluetooth-1:1.12.0-7.el7_6.x86_64 RHBA-2019:0519 bugfix NetworkManager-bluetooth-1:1.12.0-10.el7_6.x86_64 RHBA-2018:3349 bugfix NetworkManager-config-server-1:1.12.0-7.el7_6.noarch RHBA-2019:0519 bugfix NetworkManager-config-server-1:1.12.0-10.el7_6.noarch
获取需要在系统上安装的建议摘要： # yum updateinfo summary Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock rhel-7-server-rpms | 2.0 kB 00:00:00 Updates Information Summary: updates 13 Security notice(s) 9 Important Security notice(s) 3 Moderate Security notice(s) 1 Low Security notice(s) 35 Bugfix notice(s) 1 Enhancement notice(s) updateinfo summary done
要仅打印特定模式的安全建议，请运行以下命令，同样，你可以单独检查重要或中等安全建议信息： # yum updateinfo list sec | grep -i "Low" RHSA-2019:0201 Low/Sec. libgudev1-219-62.el7_6.3.x86_64 RHSA-2019:0201 Low/Sec. systemd-219-62.el7_6.3.x86_64 RHSA-2019:0201 Low/Sec. systemd-libs-219-62.el7_6.3.x86_64 RHSA-2019:0201 Low/Sec. systemd-sysv-219-62.el7_6.3.x86_64
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