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如何使用Vagrant创建CentOS 8虚拟机？如何使用Vagrant在KVM/VirtualBox/VMWare上运行CentOS 8？可以使用Vagrant管理CentOS 8虚拟机吗？使用Vagrant，您可以使用称为Boxes的虚拟机映像来创建和配置可复制的可移植开发环境。使用Vagrant，您可以在几秒钟内在各种虚拟化平台上设置开发环境，例如VirtualBox、KVM、VMware、Hyper-V等。如果您喜欢使用新技术并且已经从CentOS 8开始构建应用程序，则可以使用本指南来设置您的Vagrant Lab。
步骤1：安装Vagrant 请参考文章：在CentOS 8上安装Vagrant的方法以及如何创建基本的开发环境。 安装Vagrant后就可以进行下面的操作了。
第2步：下载CentOS 8 Vagrant box 使用以下命令之一为您的虚拟化环境下载Vagrant box： 1、对于KVM用户： $ vagrant box add centos/8 --provider=libvirt ==> box: Loading metadata for box 'centos/8' box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/8 ==> box: Adding box 'centos/8' (v1905.1) for provider: libvirt box: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/boxes/8/versions/1905.1/providers/libvirt.box box: Download redirected to host: cloud.centos.org box: Progress: 48% (Rate: 1305k/s, Estimated time remaining: 0:04:05)^ box: Calculating and comparing box checksum... ==> box: Successfully added box 'centos/8' (v1905.1) for 'libvirt'! 2、对于VirtualBox用户： $ vagrant box add centos/8 --provider=virtualbox ==> box: Loading metadata for box 'centos/8' box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/8 ==> box: Adding box 'centos/8' (v1905.1) for provider: virtualbox box: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/boxes/8/versions/1905.1/providers/virtualbox.box box: Download redirected to host: cloud.centos.org box: Calculating and comparing box checksum... ==> box: Successfully added box 'centos/8' (v1905.1) for 'virtualbox'! 3、对于Parallels： $ vagrant box add generic/centos8 --provider=parallels ==> box: Loading metadata for box 'generic/centos8' box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/centos8 ==> box: Adding box 'generic/centos8' (v2.0.6) for provider: parallels box: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/boxes/centos8/versions/2.0.6/providers/parallels.box box: Download redirected to host: vagrantcloud-files-production.s3.amazonaws.com ==> box: Successfully added box 'generic/centos8' (v2.0.6) for 'parallels'! 4、VMware： $ vagrant box add generic/centos8 --provider=vmware_desktop ==> box: Loading metadata for box 'generic/centos8' box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/centos8 ==> box: Adding box 'generic/centos8' (v2.0.6) for provider: vmware_desktop box: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/boxes/centos8/versions/2.0.6/providers/vmware_desktop.box box: Download redirected to host: vagrantcloud-files-production.s3.amazonaws.com ==> box: Successfully added box 'generic/centos8' (v2.0.6) for 'vmware_desktop'! 5、Docker： $ vagrant box add generic/centos8 --provider=docker ==> box: Loading metadata for box 'generic/centos8' box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/centos8 ==> box: Adding box 'generic/centos8' (v2.0.6) for provider: docker box: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/boxes/centos8/versions/2.0.6/providers/docker.box box: Download redirected to host: vagrantcloud-files-production.s3.amazonaws.com ==> box: Successfully added box 'generic/centos8' (v2.0.6) for 'docker'! 列出可用的CentOS 8 box： $ vagrant box list centos/8 (libvirt, 1905.1) centos/8 (virtualbox, 1905.1) generic/centos8 (parallels, 2.0.6) generic/centos8 (vmware_desktop, 2.0.6) generic/centos8 (docker, 2.0.6)
步骤3：为CentOS 8创建Vagrantfile 首先创建一个Vagrant文件： $ mkdir -p ~/vagrant/centos8 && cd ~/vagrant/centos8 $ vim Vagrantfile Vagrantfile的基本内容如下所示。 1、KVM # -*- mode: ruby -*- # vi: set ft=ruby : ENV['VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER'] = 'libvirt' Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| ##### DEFINE VMS ##### config.vm.define "centos8" do |config| config.vm.hostname = "centos8" config.vm.box = "centos/8" config.vm.box_check_update = false end config.vm.provider :libvirt do |v| v.memory = 1024 v.cpus = 2 end end 2、VirtualBox # -*- mode: ruby -*- # vi: set ft=ruby : Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "centos/8" config.vm.box_check_update = false config.vm.hostname = "centos8" config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine vb.gui = false vb.memory = "2048" vb.cpus = 2 end end 对于其他提供商，请访问官方的Vagrant文档，地址：https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/，创建文件后，通过运行以下命令启动VM： vagrant up Bringing machine 'centos8' up with 'libvirt' provider... ==> centos8: Uploading base box image as volume into libvirt storage... ==> centos8: Creating image (snapshot of base box volume). ==> centos8: Creating domain with the following settings... ==> centos8: -- Name: centos8_centos8 ==> centos8: -- Domain type: kvm ==> centos8: -- Cpus: 2 ==> centos8: -- Feature: acpi ==> centos8: -- Feature: apic ==> centos8: -- Feature: pae ==> centos8: -- Memory: 1024M ==> centos8: -- Management MAC: ==> centos8: -- Loader: ==> centos8: -- Nvram: ==> centos8: -- Base box: centos/8 ==> centos8: -- Storage pool: default ==> centos8: -- Image: /var/home/jkmutai/.local/share/libvirt/images/centos8_centos8.img (11G) ==> centos8: -- Volume Cache: default ==> centos8: -- Kernel: ==> centos8: -- Initrd: ==> centos8: -- Graphics Type: vnc ==> centos8: -- Graphics Port: -1 ==> centos8: -- Graphics IP: 127.0.0.1 ==> centos8: -- Graphics Password: Not defined ==> centos8: -- Video Type: cirrus ==> centos8: -- Video VRAM: 9216 ==> centos8: -- Sound Type: ==> centos8: -- Keymap: en-us ==> centos8: -- TPM Path: ==> centos8: -- INPUT: type=mouse, bus=ps2 ==> centos8: Creating shared folders metadata... ==> centos8: Starting domain. ==> centos8: Waiting for domain to get an IP address... ==> centos8: Waiting for SSH to become available... centos8: centos8: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace centos8: this with a newly generated keypair for better security. centos8: centos8: Inserting generated public key within guest... centos8: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present... centos8: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key... ==> centos8: Setting hostname... ==> centos8: Configuring and enabling network interfaces... centos8: SSH address: 192.168.122.2:22 centos8: SSH username: vagrant centos8: SSH auth method: private key ==> centos8: Rsyncing folder: /var/home/jkmutai/vagrant/centos8/ => /vagrant 尝试ssh： vagrant ssh [vagrant@centos8 ~]$ cat /etc/os-release NAME="CentOS Linux" VERSION="8 (Core)" ID="centos" ID_LIKE="rhel fedora" VERSION_ID="8" PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8" PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 8 (Core)" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:8" HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-8" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="8" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="8" [vagrant@centos8 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core) [vagrant@centos8 ~]$ logout Connection to 192.168.122.2 closed. 如果要注销VM，请使用： $ vagrant destroy centos8: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'centos8' VM? [y/N] y ==> centos8: Removing domain... 每当您对Vagrantfile进行更改时，请重新启动计算机以使更改生效： $ vagrant reload 要停止实例，请使用： $ vagrant halt 如果要在停止时保存虚拟机的当前状态，请使用： $ vagrant suspend 这样一来，您将在以后启动VM时返回完全相同的状态。 运行时注销Vagrant机器： $ vagrant destroy
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