|
本文将介绍如何在CentOS 7服务器上安装FreeIPA，一旦运行FreeIPA，你在Linux系统上手动管理用户帐户/身份验证的问题就会结束。最初我使用vanilla OpenLDAP服务器进行身份管理，对于FreeIPA的新用户，它是一个身份管理系统，旨在为用户提供易于管理的身份，策略和审计。以下介绍在CentOS 7操作系统服务器上安装FreeIPA的步骤。
FreeIPA安装最低要求 带有4GB内存的服务器，我在1GB和2GB内存上安装都失败了。 CentOS服务器可以是CentOS 7.x或CentOS 6.x版本。 2个vCPU。 端口443和80未被其他应用程序使用。 FQDN可通过公共或私有DNS服务器进行解析。 10 GB磁盘空间。 注：在CentOS服务器上安装FreeIPA之前，需要满足几个设置才行。
步骤1：更新系统 我将添加epel存储库并更新系统上安装的所有软件包： sudo yum -y install epel-release sudo yum -y update sudo yum install bind-utils vim 系统更新后，继续安装FreeIPA服务器软件包。
步骤2：安装FreeIPA Server软件包 安装的软件包取决于你需要IPA提供的服务，如果不需要DNS服务，只需安装ipa-server软件包： sudo yum install ipa-server 如果要包含DNS服务，还要安装ipa-server-dns，bind和bind-dyndb-ldap： sudo yum install ipa-server-dns bindipa-server bind-dyndb-ldap
步骤3：设置IPA服务器 配置FreeIPA服务器是一个简单的过程，你只需要回答几个问题，就可以配置所有内容。如果你没有DNS服务器来解析服务器主机名，请修改/etc/hosts文件以包含主机名和IP地址： echo "172.16.11.20 ipa.computingforgeeks.com" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts 配置服务器主机名以匹配以上名称： sudo hostnamectl set-hostname ipa.computingforgeeks.com 然后运行ipa-server-install命令配置IPA服务器，需要以root用户身份执行此操作： sudo ipa-server-install 如果还要配置DNS服务，请包含-setup-dns选项： sudo ipa-server-install --setup-dns 系统将提示你提供许多问题的答案： # ipa-server-install The log file for this installation can be found in /var/log/ipaserver-install.log This program will set up the IPA Server. This includes: * Configure a stand-alone CA (dogtag) for certificate management * Configure the Network Time Daemon (ntpd) * Create and configure an instance of Directory Server * Create and configure a Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) * Configure Apache (httpd) * Configure the KDC to enable PKINIT To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key. WARNING: conflicting time&date synchronization service 'chronyd' will be disabled in favor of ntpd Do you want to configure integrated DNS (BIND)? [no]: Enter the fully qualified domain name of the computer on which you're setting up server software. Using the form <hostname>.<domainname> Example: master.example.com. Server host name [ipa.computingforgeeks.com]: The domain name has been determined based on the host name. Please confirm the domain name [computingforgeeks.com]: The kerberos protocol requires a Realm name to be defined. This is typically the domain name converted to uppercase. Please provide a realm name [COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM]: Certain directory server operations require an administrative user. This user is referred to as the Directory Manager and has full access to the Directory for system management tasks and will be added to the instance of directory server created for IPA. The password must be at least 8 characters long. Directory Manager password: Password (confirm): The IPA server requires an administrative user, named 'admin'. This user is a regular system account used for IPA server administration. IPA admin password: Password (confirm): The IPA Master Server will be configured with: Hostname: ipa.computingforgeeks.com IP address(es): 192.168.x.x Domain name: computingforgeeks.com Realm name: COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM Continue to configure the system with these values? [no]: yes The following operations may take some minutes to complete. Please wait until the prompt is returned. Configuring NTP daemon (ntpd) [1/4]: stopping ntpd [2/4]: writing configuration [3/4]: configuring ntpd to start on boot [4/4]: starting ntpd Done configuring NTP daemon (ntpd). Configuring directory server (dirsrv). Estimated time: 30 seconds ..... Client configuration complete. The ipa-client-install command was successful Setup complete Next steps: 1. You must make sure these network ports are open: TCP Ports: * 80, 443: HTTP/HTTPS * 389, 636: LDAP/LDAPS * 88, 464: kerberos UDP Ports: * 88, 464: kerberos * 123: ntp 2. You can now obtain a kerberos ticket using the command: 'kinit admin' This ticket will allow you to use the IPA tools (e.g., ipa user-add) and the web user interface. Be sure to back up the CA certificates stored in /root/cacert.p12 These files are required to create replicas. The password for these files is the Directory Manager password ... 要配置集成DNS（BIND）吗？否 - >如果要启用DNS服务，请回答是（绑定） 服务器主机名[ipa.computingforgeeks.com]：<输入以确认>
步骤4：配置Firewalld 如果你运行防火墙服务：Firewalld for CentOS 7.x，需要打开FreeIPA服务所需的一些端口。要打开的端口是： TCP Ports: * 80, 443: HTTP/HTTPS * 389, 636: LDAP/LDAPS * 88, 464: kerberos UDP Ports: * 88, 464: kerberos * 123: ntp 使用以下命令配置firewalld： sudo firewall-cmd --add-service={dns,freeipa-ldap,freeipa-ldaps} --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload 参考：CentOS 7下使用FirewallD构建动态防火墙
步骤5：访问FreeIPA Web界面 打开防火墙端口并配置FreeIPA服务器后，可以访问其管理Web界面进行管理，所有IPA任务都可以在Web界面上完成，也可以使用ipa命令行工具完成。使用地址：https://你的主机名/ 访问管理仪表板：
登录后，你应该可以看到如下的界面：
要使用ipa命令，需要先获取Kerberos： # kinit admin Password for admin@COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM: 使用klist检查到期信息： # klist Ticket cache: KEYRING:persistent:0:0 Default principal: admin@COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM 通过列表添加用户帐户和列出帐户进行测试： # ipa user-add jmutai --first=Josphat --last=Mutai --email=jmutai@computingforgeeks.com --shell=/bin/bash --password Password: Enter Password again to verify: ------------------- Added user "jmutai" ------------------- User login: jmutai First name: Josphat Last name: Mutai Full name: Josphat Mutai Display name: Josphat Mutai Initials: JM Home directory: /home/jmutai GECOS: Josphat Mutai Login shell: /bin/bash Principal name: jmutai@COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM Principal alias: jmutai@COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM Email address: jmutai@computingforgeeks.com UID: 839400001 GID: 839400001 Password: True Member of groups: ipausers Kerberos keys available: True 获取用户帐户： # ipa user-find --------------- 2 users matched --------------- User login: admin Last name: Administrator Home directory: /home/admin Login shell: /bin/bash Principal alias: admin@COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM UID: 839400000 GID: 839400000 Account disabled: False User login: jmutai First name: Josphat Last name: Mutai Home directory: /home/jmutai Login shell: /bin/bash Principal name: jmutai@COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM Principal alias: jmutai@COMPUTINGFORGEEKS.COM Email address: jmutai@computingforgeeks.com UID: 839400001 GID: 839400001 Account disabled: False ---------------------------- Number of entries returned 2 ---------------------------- 在你首次使用LDAP帐户登录时，系统会要求你更改密码： # ssh jmutai@localhost The authenticity of host 'localhost (<no hostip for proxy command>)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ZlUOPuCJMftjMABxBWAWX/CXWZEtolp2Mv84nzKDV+4. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:03:61:e8:e5:21:17:98:db:96:d5:75:cb:38:c2:0a:34. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: Password expired. Change your password now. Current Password: New password: Retype new password: Could not chdir to home directory /home/jmutai: No such file or directory
相关主题 |
