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本文介绍在Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver系统上安装Microsoft SQL Server的步骤，最低系统要求：最小内存为1GB，CPU处理器最低速度为1.4 GHz，建议>=2GHz，同时SQL Server至少需要6GB的可用硬盘空间。
步骤1：更新Ubuntu 18.04系统 在增加软件新包时建议更新Ubuntu 18.04系统，只需要运行以下命令： sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo reboot 注：建议在更新系统后运行sudo reboot命令重新启动系统。 同时提一下SQL Server PHP 5.3.0驱动，支持Ubuntu 18.04系统，请参考：https://ywnz.com/linuxrj/2374.html
步骤2：导入公用存储库GPG密钥 添加系统的GPG密钥以信任Microsoft SQL Server apt存储库软件包： sudo wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -
步骤3：添加Microsoft SQL Server Ubuntu存储库 将SQL Server apt存储库添加到Ubuntu 18.04系统中： echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/prod xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql.list 注意：虽然上面地址中是16.04，但也可以用到Ubuntu 18.04系统中。
步骤4：更新包列表并安装mssql-server包 现在运行以下命令来安装SQL Server： sudo apt-get update sudo apt install libcurl3 sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server 返回的输出信息如下： Reading package lists... 0% Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: grub-pc-bin libpython-all-dev python-all python-all-dev python-asn1crypto python-cffi-backend python-crypto python-cryptography python-dbus python-enum34 python-gi python-idna python-ipaddress python-keyring python-keyrings.alt python-pkg-resources python-secretstorage python-setuptools python-six python-wheel python-xdg Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them. The following NEW packages will be installed: mssql-server 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 15 not upgraded. Need to get 176 MB of archives. After this operation, 928 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server-2017 xenial/main amd64 mssql-server amd64 14.0.3030.27-1 [176 MB] Fetched 176 MB in 5s (36.3 MB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package mssql-server. (Reading database ... 117280 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../mssql-server_14.0.3030.27-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mssql-server (14.0.3030.27-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ... Setting up mssql-server (14.0.3030.27-1) ... Please run 'sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup' to complete the setup of Microsoft SQL Server SQL Server needs to be restarted in order to apply this setting. Please run 'systemctl restart mssql-server.service'. Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ... 注意：如果遇到错误“mssql-server : Depends: openssl (<= 1.1.0) but 1.1.0g-2ubuntu4.1 is to be installed”，请降级系统上安装的openssl版本并重新安装Microsoft SQL Server： $ wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/o/openssl/openssl_1.0.2g-1ubuntu4_amd64.deb $ sudo dpkg -i openssl_1.0.2g-1ubuntu4_amd64.deb $ apt-get -y install mssql-server 安装完成后，通过运行初始设置/opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf继续设置root用户密码： $ sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup Choose an edition of SQL Server: 1）评估（免费，无生产使用权，180天限制） 2）开发者（免费，无生产使用权） 3）快递（免费） 4）Web（PAID） 5）标准（PAID） 6）企业（PAID） 7）企业核心（PAID） 8）我通过零售渠道购买了许可证，并有一个产品密钥可以进入。 Use of PAID editions of this software requires separate licensing through a Microsoft Volume Licensing program. By choosing a PAID edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate number of licenses in place to install and run this software. Enter your edition(1-8): 2 The license terms for this product can be found in /usr/share/doc/mssql-server Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:y Enter the SQL Server system administrator password: Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password: The passwords do not match. Please try again. Enter the SQL Server system administrator password: Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password: Configuring SQL Server... ForceFlush is enabled for this instance. ForceFlush feature is enabled for log durability. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service /lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service. Setup has completed successfully. SQL Server is now starting. 将/opt/mssql-tools/bin/添加到bash shell中的PATH环境变量中，要使用bash shell访问sqlcmd/bcp以进行登录会话，请使用以下命令修改~/.bash_profile文件中的PATH： echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile 要使用bash shell访问sqlcmd/bcp以进行交互/非登录会话，请使用以下命令修改~/.bashrc文件中的PATH： echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc
步骤5：安装Microsoft SQL Server工具和unixODBC插件 运行命令： sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev # sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA Password: 1> create database testDB; 获取列表数据库：
结语 在Ubuntu 18.04系统上安装Microsoft SQL Server的详细步骤就是以上5步了，其中步骤5看个人情况来安装。
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