|
本文介绍使用Ansible在Ubuntu 18.04/CentOS 7操作系统上安装Apache Tomcat的方法。在Linux系统（如Ubuntu/CentOS/Debian）上安装Tomcat的标准方法是手动的，但耗时，本文将讨论一种更好的方法，该方法是自动化的，可以轻松复制。同时假设你有一个CentOS 7+，Ubuntu 16.04+系统和Systemd服务管理器，此Ansible安装不适用于Upstart或Sysvinit。
一、安装Ansible 你的工作站的主要依赖是Ansible，使用下面的命令在Linux系统上安装Ansible： 1、CentOS/Fedora/RHEL sudo yum install ansible sudo dnf install ansible 2、Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common sudo apt-add-repository --yes --update ppa:ansible/ansible sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y ansible 3、Arch/Manjaro $ sudo pacman -S ansible 4、macOS sudo easy_install pip sudo pip install ansible 参考：在Ubuntu 18.04系统中安装Ansible 2.7.5的方法。
二、创建Ansible文件夹及创建Ansible playbook文件 1、创建Ansible文件夹 让我们为我们的项目创建一个目录： mkdir -p ~/projects/ansible/roles cd ~/projects/ansible/roles 我们的Ansible YAML文件将位于此父目录中。 2、创建Ansible playbook文件 我们现在需要创建ansible角色和任务作为YAML文件来编排手动排序过程的步骤： cd ~/projects/ansible/roles mkdir -p tomcat/{tasks,handlers,defaults,vars,templates} tomcat角色具有以下文件夹： tasks - 包含任务文件。 handlers - 包含处理程序文件。 defaults - 此角色的默认优先级较低的变量。 vars - 具有与角色关联的变量。 templates - 保存用于模板资源的文件。 运行tree命令看看：
然后让我们创建将设置完整Tomcat环境的任务。 1]、对于Debian family $ vim tomcat/tasks/tomcat-setup-Debian.yml 加： - name: Ensure the system can use the HTTPS transport for APT. stat: path: /usr/lib/apt/methods/https register: apt_https_transport - name: Install APT HTTPS transport. apt: name: "apt-transport-https" state: present update_cache: yes when: not apt_https_transport.stat.exists - name: Install basic packages package: name: ['vim','aptitude','bash-completion','tmux','tree','htop','wget','unzip','curl','git'] state: present update_cache: yes - name: Install Default Java (Debian/Ubuntu) apt: name: default-jdk state: present - name: Add tomcat group group: name: tomcat - name: Add "tomcat" user user: name: tomcat group: tomcat home: /usr/share/tomcat createhome: no system: yes - name: Download Tomcat get_url: url: "{{ tomcat_archive_url }}" dest: "{{ tomcat_archive_dest }}" - name: Create a tomcat directory file: path: /usr/share/tomcat state: directory owner: tomcat group: tomcat - name: Extract tomcat archive unarchive: src: "{{ tomcat_archive_dest }}" dest: /usr/share/tomcat owner: tomcat group: tomcat remote_src: yes extra_opts: "--strip-components=1" creates: /usr/share/tomcat/bin - name: Copy tomcat service file template: src: templates/tomcat.service.j2 dest: /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service when: ansible_service_mgr == "systemd" - name: Start and enable tomcat service: daemon_reload: yes name: tomcat state: started enabled: yes when: ansible_service_mgr == "systemd" 2]、对于RedHat family $ vim tomcat/tasks/tomcat-setup-Debian.yml 加： - name: Add EPEL repository to CentOS yum: name: epel-release state: present - name: Install basic packages package: name: ['vim','bash-completion','tmux','tree','htop','wget','unzip','curl','git'] state: present - name: Install Java 8 CentOS yum: name: java-1.8.0-openjdk state: present - name: Add tomcat group group: name: tomcat - name: Add "tomcat" user user: name: tomcat group: tomcat home: /usr/share/tomcat createhome: no system: yes - name: Download Tomcat get_url: url: "{{ tomcat_archive_url }}" dest: "{{ tomcat_archive_dest }}" - name: Create a tomcat directory file: path: /usr/share/tomcat state: directory owner: tomcat group: tomcat - name: Extract tomcat archive unarchive: src: "{{ tomcat_archive_dest }}" dest: /usr/share/tomcat owner: tomcat group: tomcat remote_src: yes extra_opts: "--strip-components=1" creates: /usr/share/tomcat/bin - name: Copy tomcat service file template: src: templates/tomcat.service.j2 dest: /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service when: ansible_service_mgr == "systemd" - name: Start and enable tomcat service: daemon_reload: yes name: tomcat state: started enabled: yes when: ansible_service_mgr == "systemd" - name: Start and enable firewalld service: name: firewalld state: started enabled: yes when: ansible_service_mgr == "systemd" - name: Open tomcat port on the firewall firewalld: port: 8080/tcp permanent: true state: enabled immediate: yes when: ansible_service_mgr == "systemd" 创建main.yml文件： $ vim tasks/main.yml --- - name: Add the OS specific variables include_vars: "{{ item }}" with_first_found: - "{{ ansible_distribution }}{{ ansible_distribution_major_version }}.yml" - "{{ ansible_os_family }}.yml" - include_tasks: "tomcat-{{ ansible_os_family }}.yml" 3]、创建vars文件 $ vim defaults/main.yml --- tomcat_ver: 9.0.20 tomcat_archive_url: https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v{{ tomcat_ver }}/bin/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_ver }}.tar.gz tomcat_archive_dest: /tmp/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_ver }}.tar.gz 到网站 https://tomcat.apache.org/ 的tomcat发布页面以获取最新的Tomcat 9.x。 然后添加OS系列特定变量： $ vim tomcat/vars/Debian.yml --- JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/default-java $ vim tomcat/vars/RedHat.yml JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/jre 4]、创建服务systemd模板 我们还需要添加Tomcat systemd服务作为模板： vim templates/tomcat.service.j2 加： [Unit] Description=Tomcat After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=forking User=tomcat Group=tomcat Environment=JAVA_HOME={{ JAVA_HOME }} Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true' Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/usr/share/tomcat Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/usr/share/tomcat Environment=CATALINA_PID=/usr/share/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid ExecStart=/usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start ExecStop=/usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target 5]、添加处理程序 $ vim handlers/main.yml - name: restart tomcat service: name: tomcat state: restarted 6]、定义playbook执行文件 Playbook文件定义要执行的角色以及在哪些实例上： cd ~/ansible/ vim tomcat-setup.yml Paste： - name: Tomcat deployment playbook hosts: app-servers become: yes become_method: sudo remote_user: vagrant roles: - tomcat 使用清单文件中定义的服务器IP地址或主机名或服务器组替换app-servers，这可以是自定义文件，例如项目目录中的主机，或全局库存文件-/etc/ansible/hosts： $ sudo vim /etc/ansible/hosts 例： $ cat /etc/ansible/hosts 192.168.10.11 servera.example.com [app-servers] server1 server2 在/etc/hosts上使用的名称的DNS映射或通过网络中的DNS服务器可解析的记录： $ cat /etc/hosts 192.168.121.52 server1 192.168.121.108 server2 server1是CentOS 7机器，server2运行Ubuntu 18.04。 这是最终的文件夹结构： $ cd ~/projects/ansible $ tree
三、执行Playbook 我们准备运行tomcat playbook来开始行动： $ cd ~/projects/ansible $ ansible-playbook setup-tomcat.yml 我的执行输出示例，如下图：
通过访问8080端口上的服务器URL来测试你的安装和配置，如下：
至此，已成功使用Ansible在Ubuntu 18.04/CentOS 7系统上安装Apache Tomcat。
相关主题 |
